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Comparing ITM Calls and OTM Puts in Bear Markets

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Covered call writing and selling cash-secured puts are both outstanding low-risk strategies that can outperform the overall market on a consistent basis. I am on record as favoring covered call writing in normal to bull markets and include put-selling in bear markets. In normal to bull markets, covered call writing gives us the flexibility to use out-of-the-money (OTM) calls which provides the opportunity to 2 income streams with the same trade, one from call premium and the other from share appreciation from current market value up to the OTM strike. In bear markets, selling OTM puts generates similar premium returns as calls and, in many scenarios, allows us to purchase the stock at a slightly lower cost-basis than had we sold a covered call should the put get exercised. It’s a close call but I give a slight edge to put-selling in bear markets.

Real-life example with ZTO Express Inc. (NYSE: ZTO)

With ZTO trading at $23.29, we will look at selling the $22.00 ITM call and $22.00 OTM put. We are assuming a bear or volatile market environment where we are willing to accept an initial modest time-value return in return for greater downside protection.

ZTO call-put option-chain for 5-week returns

ZTO Call and Put Option-Chain

ZTO call calculations with the Ellman Calculator

ZTO Call Calculations Using the Multiple Tab of the Ellman Calculator

ZTO put calculations with the BCI Put Calculator

ZTO Put Calculations

Analyzing calculation results

The initial time-value returns are similar (1.2% for calls and 1.15% for puts). The intrinsic-value of the call option ($1.29) buys down our cost-basis from $23.29 to $22.00. If the put is exercised, the 6.61% discount results in a cost-basis of $21.75 ($22.00 – $0.25), slightly lower than that of the covered call (a 1.4% advantage).

Discussion

In normal to bull market environments, covered call writing offers the benefit of potential 2 income streams per trade when using OTM call strikes. In bear markets, OTM puts will generate similar initial time-value returns but frequently allow us to own the underlying security at a slightly lower cost-basis if and when the put is exercised.

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